The Organization of Sex Work in Low- and High-Priced Venues with a Focus on the Experiences of Ethnic Minority Women Working in These Venues

Prior research on female sex workers (FSW) in China, and their risk for HIV and STI, neglects the nuanced experiences of ethnic minority FSW. We conducted participant observations and in-depth interviews with 33 FSW and six venue bosses to describe the experiences of FSW and management structures in high and low-priced sex work venues in Liuzhou, China. In low-priced venues, FSW had more autonomy and stronger relationships with their ethnic minority peers. Mid and high-priced venues had more formal management structures. Ethnic minority FSW working in higher priced venues experienced less support and kinship with their peers. HIV/STI prevention outreach activities occurred in all of the venues, but they were not tailored for different venue types or for ethnic minority FSW. Our findings provide guidance for tailoring public health programs that meet the needs of ethnic minority women working in different types of sex work venues

Time‐weighted blood pressure with cardiovascular risk among patients with or without diabetes

Background: Usual measures of blood pressure (BP) do not account for both the magnitude and duration of exposure to elevated BP over time. We aimed to demonstrate the effect of a novel time‐weighted BP on cardiovascular outcomes using a post hoc analysis of two published randomized trials. Hypothesis: Time‐weighted blood pressure is associated with cardiovascular risk among patients with or without diabetes. Methods: The limited‐access ACCORD and SPRINT data sets were used for the current study. Time‐weighted BP is obtained by dividing cumulative BP by the total follow‐up time. Time‐weighted BP burden above a threshold is also determined after deriving the time‐weighted BP by re‐zeroing the interpolated pressure values at two different hypertension thresholds (>140/90 and >130/80 mmHg). Results: Eighteen thousand five hundred forty‐one patients from the two clinical trials were enrolled in this study. A J‐curve relation was observed between time‐weighted BP and major cardiovascular events (MACE). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) burden independently predicted MACE across the two trials at different thresholds (ACCORD: SBP > 130 mmHg, HR = 1.05 [1.03−1.06]; SBP > 140 mmHg, HR = 1.06 [1.04−1.08]; SPRINT: SBP > 130 mmHg, HR = 1.04 [1.03−1.05]; SBP > 140 mmHg, HR = 1.05 [1.04−1.07]). Consistent results were found for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) burden (ACCORD: DBP > 80 mmHg, HR = 1.10 [1.06−1.15]; DBP > 90 mmHg, HR = 1.20 [1.11−1.30]. SPRINT: DBP > 80 mmHg, HR = 1.06 [1.02−1.09]; DBP > 90 mmHg, HR = 1.12 [1.06−1.18]). Significant associations were also observed for stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, and all‐cause mortality. Conclusion: Both time‐weighted SBP and DBP independently influenced the risk of adverse cardiovascular events among patients with and without diabetes, regardless of the definition of hypertension (130/80 or <140/90 mmHg)

Perioperative lidocaine and dexmedetomidine intravenous infusion reduce the serum levels of NETs and biomarkers of tumor metastasis in lung cancer patients: A prospective, single-center, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial

BackgroundNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can enhance the metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As biomarkers of tumor metastasis, metalloproteinases (MMPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) together with NETs are essential to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We hypothesized that intravenous infusion of lidocaine and dexmedetomidine could reduce the production of NETs and biomarkers of tumor metastasis after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in NSCLC patients.MethodThe trial included 132 NSCLC patients undergoing VATS. The patients were equally randomized to a placebo group (Group C), a lidocaine group (Group L, intravenous lidocaine 8 mg/kg/h for 15 minutes before anesthesia, 2 mg/kg/h during surgery, and 1 mg/kg/h until 24 hours after surgery), a dexmedetomidine group (Group D, intravenous dexmedetomidine 2 μg/kg/h for 15 minutes before anesthesia, 0.5 μg/kg/h during surgery, and 0.25 μg/kg/h until 24 hours after surgery), and a dexmedetomidine plus lidocaine group (Group LD, combination use of lidocaine and dexmedetomidine). The primary outcome was the production of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone-3 (H3Cit), biomarkers of NETs, on postoperative day (POD) 1. MMP-3, MMP-9, and VEGF-α, as biomarkers of tumor metastasis, were also evaluated on POD 1.ResultsThe baseline patient characteristics and perioperative data did not differ between the study groups. MPO was significantly decreased in Groups L, D, and LD (-197.08 ± 34.01, -137.37 ± 32.41, and -189.45 ± 33.73 U/ml, P&lt;0.001, respectively) compared with Group C (-106.51 ± 25.44 U/ml). H3Cit was also lessened in Groups L, D, and LD (-49.51 ± 9.11, -34.80 ± 10.37, and -51.82 ± 8.98 ng/ml, P&lt;0.001, respectively) compared with Group C (-24.73 ± 7.65 ng/ml). Lidocaine and dexmedetomidine also reduced MMP-3 (-69.08 ± 13.22, -52.84 ± 13.78, -85.34 ± 12.59 vs. -40.55 ± 10.71 ng/ml in Group L, D, LD vs. Group C, P&lt;0.001, respectively), MMP-9 (-8.46 ± 1.68, -6.07 ± 1.82, -9.67 ± 1.43 vs. -4.28 ± 1.29 ng/ml in Group L, D, LD vs. Group C, P&lt;0.001, respectively), and VEGF-α (-95.55 ± 22.53, -71.65 ± 18.77, -104.89 ± 15.49 vs. -51.73 ± 16.27 pg/ml in Group L, D, LD vs. Group C, P&lt;0.001, respectively) on POD 1.ConclusionIn NSCLC patients, continuous perioperative intravenous infusion of lidocaine and dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the production of NETs and tumor metastasis biomarkers on POD 1. Meanwhile, it also decreased inflammation, protected cellular immune function, reduced pain and opioid consumption, and improved the quality of postoperative recovery.Clinical trial registrationchictr.org.cn, identifier: 187049

The Evolution of ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

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Expectations for Manuscripts in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering: Scope Summary and Call for Creativity

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Silencing of lncRNA MIR497HG via CRISPR/Cas13d Induces Bladder Cancer Progression Through Promoting the Crosstalk Between Hippo/Yap and TGF-β/Smad Signaling

A subset of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), categorized as miRNA-host gene lncRNAs (lnc-miRHGs), is processed to produce miRNAs and involved in cancer progression. This work aimed to investigate the influences and the molecular mechanisms of lnc-miRHGs MIR497HG in bladder cancer (BCa). The miR-497 and miR-195 were derived from MIR497HG. We identified that lnc-miRHG MIR497HG and two harbored miRNAs, miR-497 and miR-195, were downregulated in BCa by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas and our dataset. Silencing of MIR497HG by CRISPR/Cas13d in BCa cell line 5637 promoted cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro. Conversely, overexpression of MIR497HG suppressed cell progression in BCa cell line T24. MiR-497/miR-195 mimics rescued significantly the oncogenic roles of knockdown of MIR497HG by CRISPR/Cas13d in BCa. Mechanistically, miR-497 and miR-195 co-ordinately suppressed multiple key components in Hippo/Yap and transforming growth factor β signaling and particularly attenuated the interaction between Yap and Smad3. In addition, E2F4 was proven to be critical for silencing MIR497HG transcription in BCa cells. In short, we propose for the first time to reveal the function and mechanisms of MIR497HG in BCa. Blocking the pathological process may be a potential strategy for the treatment of BCa

Nervous System-Driven Osseointegration

Implants are essential therapeutic tools for treating bone fractures and joint replacements. Despite the in-depth study of osseointegration for more than fifty years, poor osseointegration caused by aseptic loosening remains one of the leading causes of late implant failures. Osseointegration is a highly sophisticated and spatiotemporal process in vivo involving the immune response, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. It has been unraveled that the nervous system plays a pivotal role in skeletal health via manipulating neurotrophins, neuropeptides, and nerve cells. Herein, the research related to nervous system-driven osseointegration was systematically analyzed and reviewed, aiming to demonstrate the prominent role of neuromodulation in osseointegration. Additionally, it is indicated that the implant design considering the role of neuromodulation might be a promising way to prevent aseptic loosening